Forklift Hydraulic Control Valves

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve - The control valve is a device that directs the fluid to the actuator. This tool would include cast iron or steel spool that is located inside of housing. The spool slides to different locations inside the housing. Intersecting channels and grooves direct the fluid based on the spool's position.

The spool is centrally located, help in place with springs. In this particular location, the supply fluid could be blocked and returned to the tank. When the spool is slid to a direction, the hydraulic fluid is directed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. If the spool is transferred to the opposite direction, the supply and return paths are switched. As soon as the spool is enabled to return to the neutral or center location, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into place.

Usually, directional control valves are made in order to be stackable. They generally have one valve per hydraulic cylinder and a fluid input that supplies all the valves in the stack.

Tolerances are maintained extremely tightly, so as to handle the higher pressures and in order to avoid leaking. The spools would normally have a clearance within the housing no less than 25 µm or a thousandth of an inch. To be able to avoid distorting the valve block and jamming the valve's extremely sensitive parts, the valve block would be mounted to the machine' frame with a 3-point pattern.

The location of the spool can be actuated by hydraulic pilot pressure, mechanical levers, or solenoids which push the spool right or left. A seal allows a part of the spool to stick out the housing where it is accessible to the actuator.

The main valve block controls the stack of directional control valves by flow performance and capacity. Some of these valves are designed to be proportional, as a valve position to the proportional flow rate, whereas some valves are designed to be on-off. The control valve is one of the most sensitive and costly components of a hydraulic circuit.

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